Medication Administration Safety Free Essays

The 2013 National Patient Safety Goals Standards (NPSGS) recognize that at certain points in the health care process, a risk is present for error. Even a single error represents the risk of serious harm to the patient, with attendant negative consequences for the health care professional involved in the error. The NPSGS have been established to present procedural safeguards against the possibility of these errors. We will write a custom essay sample on Medication Administration Safety or any similar topic only for you Order Now If the safeguards are consistently followed, the risk of errors will decline, with benefits to patients and health care professionals as well. The process of prescribing and dispensing medication to patients comprises a critical juncture in patient care. The process involves a number of risk points during which errors can occur. The NPSGS establish procedural safeguards in order to protect patients from medication administration errors. The standards also serve to protect health care personnel from the personal and professional consequences of making such errors. The NPSGS for medication administration involve recommendations for the following risk points: medication reconciliation, proper identification of a patient prior to dispensing medication, and correct labeling of medication once it has been removed from its original packaging. Medication reconciliation is an important patient safety issue. Reconciliation involves obtaining information on all the medications that a patient is taking, and making sure that no duplication, incorrect prescriptions or conflicting prescriptions exist in the list of medicines. Many patients take more than one medication, and administration of medication to these patients is often complex. In order to avoid health complications from errors in medication administration, it is important that a clinician compare the medications that a patient is already receiving with new medications that have been ordered for the patient (The Joint Commission, 2012a, p. 2). Reconciliation of medication is done to detect discrepancies in the prescriptions for a patient. Discrepancies in medication administration can have an adverse effect on patient health outcomes. Discrepancies in the  medications for a patient may involve duplication of medicines, omission of needed medications, undesirable interactions between medications, or the need for a decision by a clinician regarding whether to continue a medication (The Joint Commission, 2012a, p. 2). Clinicians use specific information to reconcile discrepancies. This may include the name of the medication, the dosage, the frequency of use (even if only occasional or as needed), the route used to administer the medication such as oral vs. intravenous, and the reason for use (The Joint Commission, 2012a, p. 2). A second risk point for patients during medication administration involves coordination of information between health care providers regarding the medications used by a patient. Once again, a patient may be taking numerous medications, and when a patient is admitted to a care facility or visits a clinic, this information is important for planning care. Gaps in this information can result in medication administration errors. The NSPGS recommend coordinating medication information between health care providers during the transition of a patient within and outside of a health care organization in order to perform medication reconciliation (PC.02.02.01). For example, when a patient is admitted to a hospital, it is important that the complete list of medications that they are taking is available to the admitting health care professionals. If the patient has been treated by physicians outside the hospital and has been prescribed medication by them, the admitting health care professionals need this information. The NSPGS also advises that health care professionals provide patients with education on the safe use of medications, especially if they are discharged from the care facility. The NSPGS reminds care providers that patients need to be reminded that if one of their prescriptions is changed by a care provider, all other care providers should be informed of the change (The Joint Commission, 2012a, p. 2). New requirement in the NSPGS state that health care personnel are now required to inform the patient about the importance of keeping this information updated. Clinicians must know whether a patient is taking medication, and which ones they are taking in order to plan the best care, and to provide appropriate treatment and services (The Joint Commission, 2012a, p. 2). The patient must be reminded of their own  responsibility to inform care providers of which medications they take, and of changes to the medications. There are five goals stated within the NSPGS regarding medication reconciliation. These are: 1) to obtain and/or update medication information for the patient upon admission, or during the first point of contact. The list of medications that the patient has been taking at home should be compared with those that have been recently ordered for the patient. Any discrepancies should be immediately resolved by a clinician. This information should be stored in a list format that is easily accessible to other clinicians. The list should include medications that are taken only as needed as well as those taken according to a schedule. Yet patients are frequently unable to communicate this information clearly due to illness or other handicaps. Since it is often difficult to obtain this information from a patient, the NSPGS notes that a good faith effort will be considered adequate. 2) To make certain that health care facilities define requirements regarding patient medication administration. The health care facility should clearly define the type of medication administration information that will be obtained according to various settings and circumstances. This type of information includes name of drug, dosage, route, frequency of use, and purpose. 3) A qualified clinician should compare medications currently being administered to the patient with new ones that are ordered in order to detect discrepancies. 4) When the patient leaves a health care setting such as a hospital, to provide the patient or caregiver (such as family) with written information regarding medication that should be taken. 5) Inform the patient of the importance of managing their medication information so that it is updated as changes in prescriptions occur (The Joint Commission, 2012a, p. 2). Another risk point of medication administration involves giving medication to the wrong patient. Administration of medication to the wrong patient is  an error that can occur in any stage of diagnosis or treatment. In order to avoid these medication errors, the NPSGS recommend the use of at least two patient identifiers when administering medication. For banded patients, the correct identifiers to use are the patient name printed on band, and the account number of medical record number, which is also printed on the band (Compau, 2013, p. 16). Since the patient’s room number or location is not an adequate identifier, it may not be used for this purpose (The Joint Commission, 2012b, p. 1). In health care setting such as clinics, a patient may not be banded. For non-banded patients in a clinical environment, the process for proper identification includes asking the patient to state their name and date of birth (Compau, 2013, p. 16). Of equal importance, the NPSGS recommend that all medications that have been removed from the original packaging be labeled. These include all medication containers such as basins, syringes, and medicine cups. Medications that are transferred to containers that are unlabeled comprise a safety hazard. This action leaves a margin for error that may result in tragic consequences for the patient. It is not enough for a health care provider to assume that they know what is in the container (The Joint Commission, 2012b, p. 3). A sterile pen and label must be used to mark all solutions (Compau, 2013, p. 23). Labeling must be done whenever a medication is transferred from the original packaging to another container. This is done so that even in a busy medical environment, with several health care professionals at work, the possibility of administering the wrong medication to a patient is reduced. Even in a procedural setting where only one medication is being used, the medication must be labeled if it is removed from original packaging and is not going to be administered immediately. This protects the patient by reducing the risk of error to a minimum. If an unlabeled container holding medication is found, it must be discarded immediately, as a safety precaution. It is not appropriate for any health care provider to assume that they know what is in the container. Discarding the medication eliminates the risk that the medication is something other than what may be assumed. Further, even medication containers that are clearly labeled must be removed and  discarded, along with the contents, when a procedure is done (The Joint Commission, 2012b, p. 3). The NSPGS address the risk factors that are inherent in providing the highest standard of medical care for patients. The standards that address administering medication to patients are designed to reduce the likelihood of human error or lack of information from harming a patient. At certain points in the process of giving medication to a patient, the likelihood of errors rises. As the result of careful analysis of how the medication administration process is conducted, and how errors occur and have already caused harm to patients, the NSPGS have established the current safeguards. How to cite Medication Administration Safety, Papers

Decision Making From Non Medical Managers â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Cost Of Medical Decision Making From Non-Medical Managers? Answer: Introduction: Clinical decision making can be defined as the most fundamental part of any clinical practice, which enables the medical practitioner to take valid, logical and scientific decisions regarding the care planning and implementation of the interventions. In any clinical scenario, where a patient presents his or her medical complications, the very first course of action by the health care professional will require a logical clinical decision making. Therefore, the importance of the clinical decision making is paramount when it comes to the health care industry; although it also needs to be considered that this operations action is very tricky and a single mistake while making clinical critical decisions can cost the patient even his or her life (Allen et al., 2012). Hence, clinical decision making can be considered as the foundation based on which the treatment delivery and recovery of the patient will be carried on. However, a common misconception when discussing clinical decision making is that it only depends on the will of the health care professionals, like the nurses, doctors or so on (Park 2016). Though, the clinical decision making is the part of health care that is the most influenced sector, both by internal and external factors. This literature review will explore and evaluate these factors and will focus on one particular element which has been by far the most impactful on the health and wellbeing of the patients, the influence of the nonmedical managers. Literature review: Literature review is considered to be one of the most essential elements of any research study. It acts like a bridge between literature published previously and the aims and objectives of the present research study, validating the need for the research. This literature review will incorporate articles retrieved from databases like google scholar, PubMed, WebMD, and Medscape. 15 articles in total will be selected for this literature review and the selection criteria will mandate selection of journal articles published after 2012 and written in English language. Articles published before the selected timeline that are irrelevant to the research topic and published in other languages were rejected. Clinical decision making and its implication: By definition, clinical decision making is the unique process of devising the care strategy and implementation of it by a step by step action involving explicit patient information, pre-existing knowledge on the Pathological conditions of the patient, experiential nursing care and treatment, etc. It is considered to be the first step of the treatment procedure for any patient, the defenders reality of the medical complications and the patient is suffering from the complexity and criticality of clinical decision making increases (Bright et al., 2012). There are different models of clinical decision making; however two particular models are the most abundantly utilized all over the globe in healthcare settings. These models are information processing model and intuitive-humanist model, and both models have helped the health care professional make logical and scientifically reasonable decisions for the health and wellbeing of the patient (Allen et al., 2012). However, according to Crosk erry, 2013, a more recent addition to clinical decision making models is the theoretical multidimensional model that utilizes the evaluation of current literature and assessment of clinical research studies based on pseudo-clinical settings (Croskerry, 2013). This model allow the inexperienced nurses to explore the different aspects of clinical decision making before they have to take up the responsibility of the patients and caring for them. According to many research scientists, this new concept to clinical decision making is extremely beneficial and has successfully made the entire process of planning and implementing care very scientific, logical and patient-centred (Elwyn et al., 2012). Factors influencing clinical decision making As mentioned above in the assignment there are a number of different factors that influence the clinical decision making procedure. Elaborating more on these factors, one of the major factors are the patient preferences, with the patient centred care at the heart of the health care industry, patient preferences are given the highest priority (Park 2016). While, the benefits of the care plan and treatment setting being completely focussed around the specific needs and requirements of the patient, the downside of the same is the unrealistic demands of the patient which interferes with the care needed by the patient, and the Lee in their article approve of the same fact (Lee 2016). Another very important factor that influences the clinical decision making is the personal compatibility and competency of the health care professionals. According to the Jansen et al., 2011 in his article, a great proportion of the influence on the clinical decision making is based on the competency and comfort level of the health care professional, if a particular health care professional is not comfortable with a treatment procedure, statistics indicates that he or she will more likely abstain from making that clinical decision which will require him or her to engage in that particular activity, although this factor is only applicable while the safety and wellbeing of the patient is not being threatened majorly (MacLean et al., 2012). The last significant sector of factors that are responsible for the influence on the clinical decision making is by the rules and regulation of the health care facility, according to the authors, the particular set of regulations in the hospital often restricts the clinical decision maker from taking the adequate decisions (Croskerry 2013). In most cases the medical managers with the responsibility of managing and organizing the entire health care facility are under the task for maintaining the rules and regulations of the health care facilities. Their understanding although are non medical but this nonmedical influence on the clinical decision making is known to make the most substantial impact on the entre process (Tsai et al. 2016). The nonmedical managers and their influence: First and foremost it will need to be addressed, that the medical managers all managers of Healthcare facilities have the responsibility of maintaining the rules and regulations of the facility, organized and maintained the billing system, management of the treatment procedures in accordance to the socio economic status of the patient, package payment system associated with insurance coverage and government relief packages, and maintaining the quality and competency of the staff (Peek et al. 2016). It needs to be mentioned that the socio economic status of the patient often interferes with the adequate clinical decision making, and the medical manager is insurance on correlating the socio- economic status of the patient and the health care package that he can afford is the most substantial one (Croskerry 2017). Along with that the management policies that the Healthcare facilities has in place provide a tremendous pressure on the hospitals, administration, care team and the insurance companies, twin corporate all the regulatory management policies into the treatment packages. Hence the management decisions often differ from the need of clinical decision making that the patient might be under, administrative practices interfere with the adequate decision making. Now it has to be understood that are administrative department of the Healthcare facility will not understand the clinical needs and requirements of the patient with that magnitudes that a care professional or medical practitioner would (Thomson et al. 2017). According to Richter Sundberg, Garvare Nystrm 2016, the impact of non medical insurance on the clinical decision making mostly is detrimental on the health and safety of the patients (Richter Sundberg, Garvare Nystrm 2016). The patients often need to suffer the consequences of the Labs in clinical judgment due to a particular regulatory policy of the healthcare facility, on a particular care coverage that the patient was under, and the blame mostl y is bestowed on the health care team assigned to him. The McIntosh et al. 2016 in the article have discussed that the medical managers are the non clinical administrative staff never take into account the critical Health Care needs and requirements of the patient into consideration when dividing the care packages and billings, and the payment package system of healthcare delivery mandates the clinical decision makers to refrain from taking adequate clinical decision which will prioritize the patients health and safety (McIntosh et al. 2016). MacLean et al., 2012 have opined in their article that the importance of the clinical decision making is pivotal in the pattern health care follows in the current age, hence the need for reducing the impact of nonmedical influence has emerged a major concern for the health care regulatory authorities worldwide (MacLean et al. 2012). Evaluation: In order to evaluate the findings of this literature review we have to consider a few key points that were discovered. First and foremost, in order for the literature review to start the need for understanding and exploring what clinical; decision making was had been extremely important. This is what the article by Bright explained to us, the next requirement for this literature review to explain had been explore and describe the impact of clinical decision making in the healthcare sector, and the role that this aspect of the health care plays. Two articles by Croskerry and Elwyn helped us understand the impact of clinical decision making and the how it benefits the healthcare industry. The next sector for this literature review explored the different influential factor for the clinical decision making and a number of different articles helped in exploring each of the factors, such as the patient preferences, the physicians understanding of the patient needs and their competency, the infrastructure of the health care facility and most importantly the regulatory guidelines. Lastly the literature review explored the insurance the non medical factors associated with him cynical settings on the clinical decision making, for instance the administrative factors and the non medical managers (Evans et al. 2015). A number of different articles have provided valid and relatable data and information regarding the impact non-medical managers impact on the clinical decision making. There are also different factors associated with the influence that the non medical managers have on clinical decision making, the payment package for different patients, the socioeconomic status of the patient, the insurance cover, the infrastructure of the facility and the regulatory guidelines of the facility (MacLean et al. 2012). Hence it can be stated that the literature review had been successful in exploring all the different aspects associated with clinical decision making and the kind of influence that nonmedical interference can have. However, in order to validate the need for this literature review can be defined by the fact that the interference of the non medical managers on the clinical decision making is detrimental for the health and safety of the patients, and the recovery status of the patient bears the burn for this interference (Park 2016). There have not been enough data on the internet available to understand the impact of this administrative or non medical influence and this literature review bridges the gap left behind in the literature. Conclusion: On a concluding note it can be said that the impact of nonmedical influence on the clinical decision making is alarming; however there is no initiative from the health care authorities to address this frightening condition in health care. This literature review puts together al the available analytical studies and attempts to attract the attention of global and national authorities so that more in depth statistical studies are conducted on this issue and adequate actions are taken so that the patient do not need to suffer the consequences of lapse clinical judgment due to nonmedical influence. Reference: Allen, L.A., Stevenson, L.W., Grady, K.L., Goldstein, N.E., Matlock, D.D., Arnold, R.M., Cook, N.R., Felker, G.M., finance, G.S., Hauptman, P.J. Havranek, E.P., 2012. Decision making in advanced heart failure. Circulation, 125(15), pp.1928-1952. Bright, T.J., Wong, A., Dhurjati, R., Bristow, E., Bastian, L., Coeytaux, R.R., Samsa, G., Hasselblad, V., Williams, J.W., Musty, M.D. Wing, L., 2012. Effect of clinical decision-support systemsa systematic review. Annals of internal management, 157(1), pp.29-43. Croskerry, P., 2013. From mindless to mindful practicecognitive bias and clinical decision making. N Engl J Med, 368(26), pp.2445-8. Croskerry, P., 2017. Individual variability in clinical decision making and diagnosis. Diagnosis: Interpreting the Shadows. Oxford, UK: CRC Press, Taylor Francis Group. Elwyn, G., Frosch, D., Thomson, R., Joseph-Williams, N., Lloyd, A., Kinnersley, P., Cording, E., Tomson, D., Dodd, C., Rollnick, S. Edwards, A., 2012. Shared decision making: a model for clinical practice. Journal of general internal medicine, 27(10), pp.1361-1367. Evans, S.C., Roberts, M.C., Keeley, J.W., Blossom, J.B., Amaro, C.M., Garcia, A.M., Stough, C.O., Canter, K.S., Robles, R. and Reed, G.M., 2015. Vignette methodologies for studying clinicians decision-making: validity, utility, and application in ICD-11 field studies. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 15(2), pp.160-170. Jansen, J.P., Fleurence, R., Devine, B., Itzler, R., Barrett, A., Hawkins, N., Lee, K., Boersma, C., Annemans, L. Cappelleri, J.C., 2011. Interpreting indirect treatment comparisons and network meta-analysis for health-care decision making: report of the ISPOR Task Force on Indirect Treatment Comparisons Good Research Practices: part 1. Value in Health, 14(4), pp.417-428. MacLean, S., Mulla, S., Akl, E.A., Jankowski, M., Vandvik, P.O., Ebrahim, S., McLeod, S., Bhatnagar, N. Guyatt, G.H., 2012. Patient values and preferences in decision making for antithrombotic therapy: a systematic review: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. CHEST Journal, 141(2_suppl), pp.e1S-e23S. McIntosh, T., Stewart, D., Forbes-McKay, K., McCaig, D. and Cunningham, S., 2016. Influences on prescribing decision-making among non-medical prescribers in the United Kingdom: systematic review. Family practice, 33(6), pp.572-579. Park, I.H., 2016. More options, more considerations: how new treatment options influence clinical decision marketing. Journal of thoracic disease, 8(10), p.E1408. Peek, M.E., Lopez, F.Y., Williams, H.S., Xu, L.J., McNulty, M.C., Acree, M.E. Schneider, J.A., 2016. Development of a conceptual framework for understanding shared decision making among African-American LGBT patients and their clinicians. Journal of general internal medicine, 31(6), pp.677-687. Richter Sundberg, L., Garvare, R. Nystrm, M.E., 2016. Reaching beyond the review of research evidence: A qualitative study of decision-making during clinical guideline development. Thomson, R.G., De Brn, A., Flynn, D., Ternent, L., Price, C.I., Rodgers, H., Ford, G.A., Rudd, M., Lancsar, E., Simpson, S. Teah, J., 2017. Factors that influence variation in clinical decision-making about thrombolysis in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: results of a discrete choice experiment. Tsai, K.H., Moskowitz, A.L., Brown, T.E., Park, A.L. Chorpita, B.F., 2016. Interpreting progress feedback to guide clinical decision-making in childrens mental health services. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 43(2), pp.199-206.

5 Steps to Quitting the Right Way

5 Steps to Quitting the Right Way Sometimes it’s just time to part ways from a job that is no longer working out. It’s time for you to take your job to a nice dinner, and break the news gently: â€Å"It’s not you, it’s me.† (Okay, let’s be honest: it’s always â€Å"you.†) If you’ve just plain reached the end of your patience and/or have a shiny new job waiting for you, there are ways to exit gracefully so that you can move on to the next opportunity with no regrets. Determine whether you really want to quitIf you’re angry over a particular ongoing situation, or you find that your dread and anxiety about work are dragging down the rest of your daily life, think long and hard about what quitting would mean. If you don’t yet have another job lined up, are you financially able to support yourself while you hunt for another one? It can be very tempting to bolt when things aren’t going well at work, but make sure you’ve put a lot of thought into whether this is truly quit-worthy, and that your overall well-being is served by leaving the position.Figure out whether you can fix the problem firstAgain, impulse quitting can be a very appealing option. Ask yourself questions like, â€Å"Is this situation likely to resolve soon if I don’t quit?† and â€Å"Are there any steps I can take to fix the situation without drastic measures?† If possible, talk things over with your supervisor. Let him or her know that you’re not happy with the way things are going, and you’d like to find a way to resolve that. There may be options available that you’re not aware of in the moment, when everything seems awful.Give noticeIf quitting is indeed the way to go (or you’ve got a better opportunity lined up), make sure you give an appropriate amount of notice. In most cases, that’s about two weeks. Your company may have a different policy, though, so double check with your HR depar tment if possible. If you’re breaking the news to your boss in person, make sure you follow up the conversation with a professional email that outlines your resignation and your end date.Be ready to train your replacementYour departure could leave a bit of a vacuum for your colleagues, especially if you have crucial tasks and responsibilities that affect others. Work with your soon-to-be-former boss to determine what the needs are for the post-you workplace. That could mean showing other coworkers the ropes on particular processes, or even training your replacement if your company is able to line one up before you leave.Don’t burn bridgesThe most important part of all: be gracious on your way out the door, regardless of the circumstances. This is especially true if you’re staying in the same field. You never know who’s connected on LinkedIn, or who were interns together ages ago and still meet for monthly drinks. A little graciousness lets you leave your current situation (no matter how lousy) and enter your new one without baggage- because who needs that kind of negativity? Sometimes jobs just don’t work out, and it’s not worth risking damage to your professional reputation to go all scorched-earth on your current workplace.

Sterilization in Nazi Germany

Sterilization in Nazi Germany In the 1930s, the Nazis introduced a massive, compulsory sterilization of a large segment of the German population. What could cause the Germans to do this after having already lost a large segment of their population during World War I? Why would the German people let this happen? The Concept of The Volk As social Darwinism and nationalism merged during the early twentieth century, the concept of the Volk was established. Quickly, the idea of the Volk extended to various biological analogies and was shaped by the contemporary beliefs of heredity. Especially in the 1920s, analogies of the German Volk (or German people) began surfacing, describing the German Volk as a biological entity or body. With this concept of the German people as one biological body, many believed that sincere care was needed to keep the body of the Volk healthy. An easy extension of this thought process was if there was something unhealthy within the Volk or something that could harm it, it should be dealt with. Individuals within the biological body became secondary to the needs and importance of the Volk. Eugenics and Racial Categorization Since eugenics and racial categorization were in the forefront of modern science during the early twentieth century, the hereditary needs of the Volk were deemed of significant importance. After the First World War ended, the Germans with the best genes were thought to have been killed in the war while those with the worst genes did not fight and could now easily propagate.1 Considering the new belief that the body of the Volk was more important than individual rights and needs, the state had the authority to do whatever necessary to help the Volk. Sterilization Laws in Pre-war Germany The Germans were not the creators nor the first to implement governmentally sanctioned forced sterilization. The United States, for instance, had already enacted sterilization laws in half its states by the 1920s which included forced sterilization of the criminally insane as well as others. The first German sterilization law was enacted on July 14, 1933 - only six months after Hitler became Chancellor. The Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring (the Sterilization Law) allowed the forced sterilization for anyone suffering from genetic blindness, hereditary deafness, manic depression, schizophrenia, epilepsy, congenital feeblemindedness, Huntingtons chorea (a brain disorder), and alcoholism. The Process of Sterilization Doctors were required to register their patients with genetic illness to a health officer as well as petition for the sterilization of their patients who qualified under the Sterilization Law. These petitions were reviewed and decided by a three-member panel in the Hereditary Health Courts. The three-member panel was made up of two doctors and a judge. In the case of insane asylums, the director or doctor who made the petition also often served on the panels that made the decision whether or not to sterilize them.2 The courts often made their decision solely on the basis of the petition and perhaps a few testimonies. Usually, the appearance of the patient was not required during this process. Once the decision to sterilize had been made (90 percent of the petitions that made it to the courts in 1934 ended up with the result of sterilization) the doctor that had petitioned for the sterilization was required to inform the patient of the operation.3 The patient was told that there would be no deleterious consequences.4 Police force was often needed to bring the patient to the operating table. The operation itself consisted of ligation of the fallopian tubes in women and a vasectomy for men. Klara Nowak was forcibly sterilized in 1941. In a 1991 interview, she described what effects the operation still had on her life. Well, I still have many complaints as a result of it. There were complications with every operation I have had since. I had to take early retirement at the age of fifty-two - and the psychological pressure has always remained. When nowadays my neighbors, older ladies, tell me about their grandchildren and great-grandchildren, this hurts bitterly, because I do not have any children or grandchildren, because I am on my own, and I have to cope without anyones help.5 Who Was Sterilized? Asylum inmates consisted of thirty to forty percent of those sterilized. The main reason for sterilization was so that the hereditary illnesses could not be passed on  in  offspring, thus contaminating the Volks gene pool. Since asylum inmates were locked away from society, most of them had a relatively small chance of reproducing. The main target of the sterilization program were those people with a slight hereditary illness and who were at an age of being able to reproduce. Since these people were among society, they were deemed the most dangerous. Since slight hereditary illness is rather ambiguous and the category feebleminded is extremely ambiguous, some people were sterilized for their  asocial  or anti-Nazi beliefs and behavior. The belief in stopping hereditary illnesses soon expanded to include all the people within the east whom Hitler  wanted eliminated. If these people were sterilized, the theory went, they could provide a temporary  workforce  as well as slowly create Lebensraum (room to live for the German Volk). Since the Nazis were now thinking of sterilizing millions of people, faster, non-surgical ways to sterilize were needed. Inhuman Nazi Experiments The usual operation for sterilizing women had a relatively long recovery period - usually between a week and fourteen days. The Nazis wanted a faster and perhaps unnoticeable way to sterilize millions. New ideas emerged and camp prisoners at Auschwitz and at Ravensbrà ¼ck were used to test the various new methods of sterilization. Drugs were given. Carbon dioxide was injected. Radiation and X-rays were administered. The Lasting Effects of Nazi Atrocity By 1945, the Nazis had sterilized an estimated 300,000 to 450,000 people. Some of these people soon after their sterilization also were victims of the Nazi euthanasia program. While many others were forced to live with this feeling of loss of rights and invasion of their persons as well as a future of knowing that they would never be able to have children. Notes 1. Robert Jay Lifton,  The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide  (New York, 1986) p. 47.2. Michael Burleigh,  Death and Deliverance: Euthanasia in Germany 1900-1945  (New York, 1995) p. 56.3. Lifton,  Nazi Doctors  p. 27.4. Burleigh,  Death  p. 56.5. Klara Nowak as cited in Burleigh,  Death  p. 58. Bibliography Annas, George J.  and  Michael A. Grodin.  The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code: Human Rights in Human Experimentation. New York, 1992. Burleigh, Michael.  Death and Deliverance: Euthanasia in Germany 1900-1945. New York, 1995. Lifton, Robert Jay.  The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide. New York, 1986.

Strategic Analysis and Presentation of Business Essay

Strategic Analysis and Presentation of Business - Essay Example The completion of the renovations is expected to increase the current revenue by at least 2% every month over the next year for a total of a 24% increase (Hasan, 2012). Negotiations have also been instigated for the inclusion of gasoline sales at this location. In order to install underground gasoline tanks, gas pumps, and a canopy over the fueling area, half of the current parking lot area would need to be fenced off for construction. While this might interfere with business, the profits earned from this venture could potentially exceed the losses endured during the installation of the necessary equipment. Negotiations between a national oil company and Qwick Stop & Go have discussed who would be responsible for the installation of the underground gasoline tanks, gas pumps, and the canopy. Figure 1: Store Layout and Projected Gasoline Mission, Vision, and Guiding Values Organizations write mission statements to specify the values that will govern day-to-day operations, customer serv ice, and promotion and purpose of the business. Most corporations keep the statement simple for easy reading, understanding, and repetition of values (Radtke, 1998). Teaching employees how to incorporate the expected values in daily actions, while employed, requires training and examples that continually enforce the desired outcome. The mission statement for this business is as follows: Qwick Stop & Go convenience store exists to provide customers with a convenient shopping experience with a selection of quality products, exceptional service, and a clean and friendly neighborhood environment. We are committed to our customers and we will be responsive to their needs and viewpoints as we stock our shelves and interact with the individuals throughout our community (Hasan, 2012). Customers are the backbone of the convenience store industry and without their continued patronage Qwick Stop & Go would not exist. Excellent customer service becomes essential to maintaining current customers and earning the business of new clients. Offering the products that the customers need at a fair price also builds customer loyalty (Thompson, Peteraf, Gamble, & Strickland III, 2011). External Environment Five external environmental factors will potentially affect Qwick Stop and Go convenience store’s success. The five factors are social, economical, political, technological, and ecological. Each one of these factors can work independently or collectively to support the business. The new owner needs to observe how each factor interacts with the business and take the necessary steps to ensure that each factor is used as a strength or opportunity (Thompson et al. 2011). The social factor relates to the interaction of the customers and the buying patterns they display. Customers who patronize the Qwick Stop & Go have commented that the benefits of gasoline sales would be worth the initial cost to install the equipment. The owner has discussed this idea with many of the regular customers who frequent the convenience store and decided that looking into the possibility of installing gas pumps on the premises may be a strategic move that would benefit all stakeholders. Many families live within a close proximity of the Qwick Stop & Go convenience store and most of them have more than one car per household. Middle class residential housing

Analysis of The Samurai Spirit Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of The Samurai Spirit - Article Example Paradoxically, a more careful study of the Samurai, their code of conduct, and their philosophy show their way of life to be simple, austere, balanced, and contemplative. These attributes are reflected in their customs, art, and architecture. The Samurai originated as Japan’s pre-modern warriors who quelled the uprising of the native Emishi tribe during the Heian Period. Subsequently, these warriors found themselves in the hire of wealthy landowners (known as feudal lords) who grew apart and eventually declared themselves independent from the central government and raised their own private armies. When the country was finally reunited again late in the 1500s under the Edo period, the Samurai were positioned at the top of the social caste system. Because of their mandate to defend their feudal lord or emperor, the Samurai developed an unquestioning loyalty and a reputation for fierce fighting skills and, therefore, were regarded In order to preserve the caste distinctions that emerged during the Edo Period, the Samurai were forced to reside in districts designated for them, in homes with a characteristic architectural style. The typical Samurai residence (sometimes called Samurai castle) is expansive and spacious, partly because the Samurai is accorded a level of prestige, and partly because he housed a sizeable retinue. As an illustration, the Aizu Bukeyashiki (Aizu Samurai residence) is depicted in the pictures shown at the end. This edifice served as the quarters that housed the highest rank and most revered Samurai, his family, employees, and servants (Japan-Guide.com, 2012). There are a variety of rooms and section, numbering several dozen; these would include a teahouse, gardens, an archery range, a rice mill, and of course several guest rooms. The Samurai is also known as ‘bushi,’ from the term Bushido which literally translates to â€Å"The Way of the Warrior† (some bifurcations of the word could be more closely translated to à ¢â‚¬Å"way of the sword† - Marshall, 2012). The Bushido is the unwritten code of conduct and morality that embodies the standards of moral principles by which the Samurai were sworn to live by. The code, while evolving through the centuries, manifests the profound influence of Zen Buddhism, Confucianism, and Shintoism. These elements may be found in the painting, poetry, and lifestyle of the Samurai; for instance, the preparation and serving of tea (a Chinese legacy) has been elevated into an art form in the cha no yu or ‘tea ceremony’. The cha no yu is a metaphor for the Zen Buddhist influence in the Samurai lifestyle as well as the Japanese way of life – ‘Complicated and yet utterly simple, at once straightforward and deep’ (West & Seal, 2012).  Ã‚  

Business Communication Diary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Business Communication Diary - Essay Example The various key concepts may include building goodwill practical, concise, clear, factual, and persuasive concepts among the involved parties. The proper practice of the above elements brings about an effective communication between the involved individuals. Clear communication being the key to each and every effective undertaking needs to be enhanced in order to facilitate the growth and expansion of the different ideological methodologies used in different categories. Communication needs to be more persuasive in order to make the involved individuals more satisfied in their discussion. With the satisfaction of the parties involved such as the customers, there is the retention of the customers thus earning the business loyalty which is a key element in enhancing the growth of business goodwill (Bovel, Courtland, and John, 50). Transparency in any communication is another key factor in enabling effective communication to take place between parties because it fosters and endeavours finding the truthiness of the matter to avoid deceit hence creating trust between the parties involved. In analysing the prevailing operations, various discrepancies were encountered among them being the transparency from the different personnel involved. The fact that communication is at times hectic, analysing the available situations makes it easier for the solving of the available issues on the time they are encountered. The total interpretation of the issue makes it easier for the discussion to be held. The analysis of an issue helps in coming up with the most crucial factors to be considered in the discussion thus making the communication much more coherent. On the comparison of the done analysis on the different undertakings, proper analysis brings in more information to the individuals thus enhancing the under stability of the issues being talked about. Analysing any issue makes it easier to have the discussion much lively as the involved